Pre-Herodian (Hasmonean) ashlar masonry on the lower courses of a tower, now part of the so-called "citadel of David" or "citadel of Jerusalem." The smaller stone construction of the rampart along the bottom dates to the later Ottoman period. Note how the Hasmonean stones are large and have a recessed frame around the edges of each visible face of the stone. These are also characteristics of Herodian construction, but Herod's masons usually produced a subtler and more even "boss" on the stone face (the central raised portion within the frame). The small rectangular indentations on the face of some of the Hasmonean stones are likely sockets carved by later masons in order to support ceiling beams in a Late Roman or Crusader-era configuration of the fortress.